This study examined the effects of a sedentary lifestyle on health and the lifestyle-related improvements to be made to promote healthy living.Įxamples of moderate to vigorous physical activity. In addition to understanding and informing patients about the health impact of a sedentary lifestyle, healthcare providers of various fields, including clinicians, should reflect upon its significance in policies. Despite the fact that sedentary behavior poses a comparable risk to health and contributes to the prevalence of various diseases, most physical activity-related education in clinical practice is focused on improving the physical activity levels, with less emphasis on lowering the sedentary behavior. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, accounting for 6% of global mortality. It is well known that insufficient physical activity, that is, physical inactivity, has a detrimental effect on health. Many people worldwide engage in sedentary lifestyles, and the prevalence of relevant non-communicable diseases is on the rise. Sedentary lifestyles have a major impact on the overall health of the global population. Sedentary behaviors are projected to continue to rise on the basis of this socio-cultural background. Television viewing, video viewing, and cell phone usage are positively correlated with an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Some environmental factors include traffic congestion, air pollution, shortage of parks or pedestrian walkways, and a lack of sports or leisure facilities. Causes of Physical Inactivity and Sedentary LifestylesĪ poor participation in physical activity is speculated to be influenced by multiple factors. Only 8.9% of the adult population engaged in 12 hours of sedentary time. According to Korea Health Statistics of 2018, adults in Korea aged ≥19 years engage in 8.3 hours of sedentary time. Similar patterns have been observed in Koreans, who have been reported to demonstrate long sedentary times. For instance, Americans spend 55% of their waking time (7.7 hours a day) engaged in sedentary behaviors whereas Europeans spend 40% of their leisure time (2.7 hours a day) watching television. In addition to physical inactivity, sedentary behavior is also a serious problem, and a substantial number of people engage in it for prolonged periods. Therefore, in 2017, the rates of aerobic exercise, walking, and muscle training in the Korean adult population were 48.5%, 39.0%, and 21.6%, respectively, with the majority of the Korean population engaging in physical inactivity. In South Korea, the physical activity rate is on the decline among adults aged ≥19 years, irrespective of the type of activity, including aerobic exercise, walking, and muscle training. Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity are both important to promote public health.Īpproximately 31% of the global population aged ≥15 years engages in insufficient physical activity, and it is known to contribute to the death of approximately 3.2 million people every year. Sedentary behaviors have wide-ranging adverse impacts on the human body including increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer risk, and risks of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia musculoskeletal disorders such as arthralgia and osteoporosis depression and, cognitive impairment. Increased sedentary time impairs the gravitostat, the body’s weight homeostat, and weight gain, adiposity, and elevated chronic inflammation caused by sedentary behavior are risk factors for cancer. It also alters the insulin-like growth factor axis and the circulation levels of sex hormones, which elevates the incidence of hormone-related cancers. Furthermore, it decreases cardiac output and systemic blood flow while activating the sympathetic nervous system, ultimately reducing insulin sensitivity and vascular function. Sedentary behaviors reduce lipoprotein lipase activity, muscle glucose, protein transporter activities, impair lipid metabolism, and diminish carbohydrate metabolism. A sedentary lifestyle affects the human body through various mechanisms. Consequently, the associated health problems are on the rise. Sedentary lifestyles are spreading worldwide because of a lack of available spaces for exercise, increased occupational sedentary behaviors such as office work, and the increased penetration of television and video devices. The mean daily duration of sedentary behavior is 8.3 hours among the Korean population and 7.7 hours among the American adult population. However, the health risks posed by sedentary behaviors are not well known. One-third of the global population aged 15 years and older engages in insufficient physical activities, which affects health.
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